Greek verb "εἰμί"

The ancient Greek verb "εἰμί" (eimi) means "to be." It is one of the most important and commonly used verbs in Greek. 

 Conjugation of "εἰμί"

Present Tense:

- 1st Person Singular: εἰμί (I am)

- 2nd Person Singular: εἶ (you are)

- 3rd Person Singular: ἐστίν (he/she/it is)

- 1st Person Plural: ἐσμέν (we are)

- 2nd Person Plural: ἐστέ (you all are)

- 3rd Person Plural: εἰσίν (they are)

Imperfect Tense:

- 1st Person Singular: ἦν (I was)

- 2nd Person Singular: ἦσθα (you were)

- 3rd Person Singular: ἦν (he/she/it was)

- 1st Person Plural: ἦμεν (we were)

- 2nd Person Plural: ἦτε (you all were)

- 3rd Person Plural: ἦσαν (they were)

 Usage

- It indicates existence (e.g., "There is a book on the table.")

- It expresses identity or state of being (e.g., "He is a teacher.")

- It acts as a linking verb in sentences, connecting the subject to a complement.

 Examples

1. "Ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ διδάσκαλος." (I am the teacher.)

2. "Ποῖος ἐστίν;" (What is he?)

3. "Ἔστιν ὁ βιβλίον ἐν τῷ τραπέζῐ." (There is a book on the table.)

"εἰμί" is an irregular verb and does not follow standard conjugation patterns found in many other Greek verbs. Its various forms are frequently used in both classical and Hellenistic Greek literature.

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Here is the complete conjugation of the ancient Greek verb "εἰμί" (eimi) organized in a square format for better clarity:

 Present Tense

| Person        | Singular       | Plural         |

|---------------|----------------|----------------|

| 1st           | εἰμί (I am)    | ἐσμέν (we are) |

| 2nd           | εἶ (you are)   | ἐστέ (you all are) |

| 3rd           | ἐστίν (he/she/it is) | εἰσίν (they are) |

 Imperfect Tense

| Person        | Singular       | Plural         |

|---------------|----------------|----------------|

| 1st           | ἦν (I was)     | ἦμεν (we were) |

| 2nd           | ἦσθα (you were)| ἦτε (you all were) |

| 3rd           | ἦν (he/she/it was) | ἦσαν (they were) |

 Future Tense

| Person        | Singular       | Plural         |

|---------------|----------------|----------------|

| 1st           | ἔσομαι (I will be) | ἐσόμεθα (we will be) |

| 2nd           | ἔσῃ (you will be) | ἔσεσθε (you all will be) |

| 3rd           | ἔσται (he/she/it will be) | ἔσονται (they will be) |

 Perfect Tense

| Person        | Singular       | Plural         |

|---------------|----------------|----------------|

| 1st           | ἔσχαμαι (I have been) | ἐσχάμεθα (we have been) |

| 2nd           | ἔσχασαι (you have been) | ἔσχατε (you all have been) |

| 3rd           | ἔσχαται (he/she/it has been) | ἔσχασαν (they have been) |

Pluperfect Tense

| Person        | Singular       | Plural         |

|---------------|----------------|----------------|

| 1st           | ἐσχημα (I had been) | ἐσχημα (we had been) |

| 2nd           | ἐσχησθα (you had been) | ἐσχητα (you all had been) |

| 3rd           | ἐσχηται (he/she/it had been) | ἐσχησαν (they had been) |

This layout provides a clear overview of the various forms of "εἰμί" across different tenses and persons.